প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থীবন্ধুরা, আশা করি ভালো আছেন। Notesaid24 ওয়েবসাইটে
আপনাদের স্বাগতম। গত ব্লগে Voice বা বাচ্য কাকে বলে? এবং কত প্রকার ও কি কি? এই নিয়ে
বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করেছি। আজ আপনাদের মাঝে Tense এর মধ্যে Voice কীভাবে ব্যবহার করা
যায় তা নিয়ে উদাহরণসহ বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করবো । তবে এই ব্লগটি দেখার পূর্বে Voice বা বাচ্য সম্পর্কে মৌলিক ধারণা রাখা জরুরি। তাহলে শুরু করা যাক।
Voice change এর ক্ষেত্রে Pronoun এর
Nominative ও Objective case এর পরিবর্তন –
|
Nominative |
Objective |
|
I |
Me |
|
We |
Us
|
|
You |
You |
|
He |
Him |
|
She |
Her |
|
It |
It |
|
They |
Them |
|
Maha |
Maha |
Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর
করার নিয়মঃ
Rule 1: Active voice এর Object এর
Subject রূপ + Auxiliary verb + মূল Verb এর Past participle (V3) + by + Active
voice এর Subject এর Object রূপ।
Rule 2: Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb ব্যবহারের
নিয়মঃ
|
Present Tense |
Indefinite |
Am, is, are |
|
Continuous |
Am
being, is being are
being |
|
|
Perfect |
Has been, have
been |
|
|
Past
Tense |
Indefinite |
Was,
were |
|
Continuous |
Was being, were
being |
|
|
Perfect |
Had
been |
|
|
Future Tense |
Indefinite |
Shall be, will
be |
|
Continuous |
Shall
be being, will
be being |
|
|
Perfect |
Shall have been. will have been |
Present Tense
Present Indefinite Tense কে Passive করার
নিয়মঃ
গঠনপ্রণালীঃ Object টির Subject রূপ +
am/is/are + মূল verb এর Past participle (V3) + By + Subject এর Object রূপ। যেমন
–
Active: I drink milk.
Passive: Milk is drunk by me.
Active: We respect our teachers.
Passive: Our teachers are respected by
us.
Active: He knows me.
Passive: I am known to him.
Active: The boy pleases us.
Passive: We are pleased with the boy.
নোটঃ
⇘ Know এর জন্য ‘to’ এবং Please এর জন্য
‘with’ ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
👉 Negative – Present Indefinite Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে Number ও Person অনুযায়ী ‘am, is, are’ বসিয়ে Do বা Does বাদ
দিতে হয়। যেমন -
Active: Maha does not write a letter.
Passive: A letter is not written by
Maha.
👉 Interrogative – Present Indefinite
Tense কে Passive voice করতে হলে Number ও Person অনুযায়ী ‘Do বা Does’ বাদ দিয়ে সেই
স্থানে “am, is, are” বসাতে হয়। যেমন –
Active: Do you read the book?
Passive: Is the book read by you?
Present Continuous Tense কে Passive করার
নিয়মঃ
গঠনপ্রণালীঃ Object টির Subject রূপ + am
being/is being/are being + মূল verb এর Past participle (V3) + By + Subject এর
Object রূপ। যেমন –
Active: I am writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by
me.
👉 Negative – Present Continuous Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে “am being/is being/are being” এর মাঝখানে ‘not’ বসাতে হয়।
যেমন –
Active: He is not reading the book
Passive: The book is not being read by
him.
👉 Interrogative – Present Continuous
Tense কে Passive voice করতে হলে Person ও Number অনুযায়ী “am, is, are” বাক্যের শুরুতে
বসে। যেমন –
Active: Are they playing football?
Passive: Is football being played by
them?
👉 Present Continuous Tense এর
Negative-Interrogative কে Passive voice করতে হলে Number ও Person অনুযায়ী “am,
is, are” বাক্যের শুরুতে বসবে। Subject-টি Noun হলে ‘not’ বসে Subject এর পূর্বে এবং
Subject-টি Pronoun হলে ‘not’ বসে Subject এর পরে। যেমন –
Active: Am I not speaking the truth?
Passive: Is not the truth being spoken
by me?
Active: Is he not teaching you?
Passive: Are you not being taught by
him?
⇘ Interrogative Pronoun এর Interrogative
Adverb দিয়ে Sentence শুরু হলে Passive voice করার সময় তা শুরুতে বসে। যেমন –
Active: What are you doing?
Passive: What is being done by you?
Present Perfect Tense কে Passive করার নিয়মঃ
গঠনপ্রণালীঃ Object টির Subject রূপ +
has been/have been + মূল verb এর Past participle (V3) + By + Subject এর Object রূপ।
যেমন –
Active: He has caught a bird.
Passive: A bird has been caught by him.
Active: I have read this book.
Passive: This book has been read by me.
👉 Negative – Present Perfect Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে “have been/has been” এর মাঝখানে ‘not’ বসাতে হয়। যেমন –
Active: I have not eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has not been eaten by me.
👉 Interrogative – Present Perfect Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে Person ও Number অনুযায়ী “have, has” বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে। যেমন
–
Active: Have you drunk tea?
Passive: Has tea been drunk by you?
👉 Present Perfect Tense এর
Negative-Interrogative কে Passive voice করতে হলে Number ও Person অনুযায়ী “have,
has” বাক্যের শুরুতে বসবে। Subject-টি Noun হলে ‘not’ বসে Subject এর পূর্বে এবং
Subject-টি Pronoun হলে ‘not’ বসে Subject এর পরে। যেমন –
Active: Have you not chosen this pen?
Passive: Has not this pen been chosen
by you?
Past Tense -
Past Indefinite Tense কে Passive করার নিয়মঃ
গঠনপ্রণালীঃ Object টির Subject রূপ +
was/were + মূল verb এর Past participle (V3) + By + Subject এর Object রূপ। যেমন
–
Active: I saw a bird.
Passive: A bird was seen by me.
Active: I lost my watch.
Passive: My watch was lost by me.
👉 Negative – Past Indefinite Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে “was/ were” এর পরে ‘not’ বসাতে হয়। যেমন –
Active: They did not play cricket.
Passive: Cricket was not played by
them.
👉 Interrogative – Past Indefinite Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে Person ও Number অনুযায়ী “was/were” বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে। যেমন
–
Active: Did she break the glass?
Passive: Was the glass broken by her?
Past Continuous Tense কে Passive করার নিয়মঃ
গঠনপ্রণালীঃ Object টির Subject রূপ +
was being/were being + মূল verb এর Past participle (V3) + By + Subject এর
Object রূপ। যেমন –
Active: She was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by
her.
Active: Mother was feeding us.
Passive: We were being fed by Mother.
👉 Negative – Past Continuous Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে “was being/ were being” এর মাঝখানে ‘not’ বসাতে হয়। যেমন
–
Active: He was not showing the picture.
Passive: The picture was not being
shown by him.
👉 Interrogative – Past Continuous Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে Person ও Number অনুযায়ী “was/were” বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে। যেমন
–
Active: Were you doing the work?
Passive: Was the work being done by
you?
Past Perfect Tense কে Passive করার নিয়মঃ
গঠনপ্রণালীঃ Object টির Subject রূপ +
had been + মূল verb এর Past participle (V3) + By + Subject এর Object রূপ। যেমন
–
Active: I had done the sum.
Passive: The sum had been done by me.
Active: She had written a letter.
Passive: A letter had been written by
her.
👉 Negative – Past Perfect Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে “Had been” এর মাঝখানে ‘not’ বসাতে হয়। যেমন –
Active: He had not done the work.
Passive: The work had not been done by
him.
👉 Interrogative – Past Perfect Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে বাক্যের শুরুতে ‘Had” বসাতে হয়। যেমন –
Active: Had they Played football?
Passive: Had football been played by
them?
Active: Had you completed your work
before your boss came?
Passive: Had your work been completed
by you before your boss came?
Future Tense -
Future Indefinite Tense কে Passive করার
নিয়মঃ
গঠনপ্রণালীঃ Object টির Subject রূপ +
shall be/will be + মূল verb এর Past participle (V3) + By + Subject এর Object রূপ।
যেমন –
Active: I shall write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by
me.
Active: We shall buy a car.
Passive: A car will be bought by us.
👉 Negative – Future Indefinite Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে “shall be/will be” এর মাঝখানে ‘not’ বসাতে হয়। যেমন –
Active: I shall not help you.
Passive: You will not be helped by me.
Active: They will not invite us.
Passive: We shall not be invited by
them.
👉 Interrogative – Future Indefinite Tense
কে Passive voice করতে হলে Person ও Number অনুযায়ী “shall/will” বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে।
যেমন –
Active: Will they do it?
Passive: Will it be done by them?
Active: Will you tell a story?
Passive: Will a story be told by you?
Future Continuous Tense কে Passive করার
নিয়মঃ
গঠনপ্রণালীঃ Object টির Subject রূপ +
shall be being / will be being + মূল verb এর Past participle (V3) + By +
Subject এর Object রূপ। যেমন –
Active: I shall be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by
me.
👉 Negative – Future Continuous Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে “shall not be being / will not be being” বসাতে হয়। যেমন
–
Active: I shall not be reading a book.
Passive: A book will not be being read
by me.
👉 Interrogative – Future Continuous Tense
কে Passive voice করতে হলে Person ও Number অনুযায়ী “shall/will” বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে।
যেমন –
Active: Will Habib be teaching his
brother?
Passive: Will his brother be being
taught by Habib?
Future Perfect Tense কে Passive করার নিয়মঃ
গঠনপ্রণালীঃ Object টির Subject রূপ +
shall have been/will have been + মূল verb এর Past participle (V3) + By +
Subject এর Object রূপ। যেমন –
Active: I shall have finished the work.
Passive: The work will have been
finished by me.
👉 Negative – Future Perfect Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে “shall have not been/will have not been” বসাতে হয়। যেমন
–
Active: You will not have learned your
lessons.
Passive: Your lessons will not have
been learned by you.
👉 Interrogative – Future Perfect Tense কে
Passive voice করতে হলে Person ও Number অনুযায়ী “shall/will” বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে।
যেমন –
Active: Will she have written the
letter?
Passive: Will the letter have been
written by her?
আশা করি আপনি পুরো পোষ্টটি যত্ন সহকারে পড়েছেন এবং উপকৃত হয়েছেন। আর এটাই আমার সার্থকতা। আর এই পোষ্টটে যদি কোন ভুল দৃষ্টগোচর হয় তাহলে অবশ্যই কমেন্ট করে জানাবেন। পোষ্টটি যদি ভালো লাগে তাহলে শেয়ার এবং কমেন্ট করতে ভুলবেন না। আজ আর নয়, কথা হবে অন্য কোন দিন এবং নতুন কোন ব্লগে। ঐ পর্যন্ত সবাই ভালো থাকবেন এবং সুস্থ থাকবেন। আল্লাহ হাফেয।
